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Lucy Stone age people may have deliberately ventured into oxygen - run through caves to paint while having out - of - body experience and hallucinations , agree to a new bailiwick .
In the 19th century , research worker discovered a serial of decorated caves that date back between 40,000 and 14,000 years — to the Upper Paleolithic geological era or late Stone Age — across Western Europe . The caves , find mainly in Spain and France , were fulfill with bulwark paintings , many of them in areas that could be access only through narrow-minded passageway . The depictions were painted in black and violent and primarily show brute with some hired hand stencils , handprints and geometrical nonfigurative signs .
A replica of a painting of bison from the Altamira Cave in Cantabria, Spain.
But why would people go through the hassle of walking through minute cave passing to make art ? To answer this question , a mathematical group of research worker at Tel Aviv University focused on a characteristic of such deep , narrow cave , specially those that require hokey light to navigate : depleted degree ofoxygen .
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The researchers ran computer simulations of model cave with different passageway lengths that lead to slightly larger " hall " region where paintings may be found and analyse the changes in oxygen concentrations if a someone was to stand in the different parts of the cave burning a blowtorch . flack , such as that from torches , is one of several factors that depletes atomic number 8 inside cave .
They establish that oxygen assiduousness depend on the height of the passageways , with the shorter passageway experience less oxygen . In most of the simulations , oxygen concentrations drop off from the lifelike atmosphere stratum of 21 % to 18 % after being inside the caves for only about 15 minute of arc .
Such low level of oxygen can induce hypoxia in the body , a condition that can make headache , shortness of breath , mix-up and restlessness ; but hypoxia also increase the hormone Dopastat in thebrain , which can sometimes lead to hallucinations and out - of - torso experiences , according to the study . For caves with low ceiling or modest hallway , the oxygen concentration dipped as depressed as 11 % , which would make the more severe symptoms of hypoxia .
The researchers hypothesize that ancient hoi polloi fawn into these deep , dark space to induce altered states of consciousness .
" Hypoxia might well be a plausible explanation for many of the word-painting localization , which are far from the cave mouth and involve passing through low , minute transit , " the generator wrote . " We contend that entering these deep , dark cave was a conscious pick , motivated by an understanding of the transformative nature of an underground , oxygen - wipe out blank . "
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Caves had a special significance for these ancient civilizations . They were meet as " portals that link to the underworld , " result generator Yafit Kedar , a doctoral candidate in the Department of Archaeology and Near Eastern Cultures at Tel Aviv University , recount Live Science in an email . The finding intimate that the ancient citizenry sought adapted United States Department of State of knowingness and created cave characterization as " a fashion to keep their connection with the entities " of the underworld .
There are some parts of the caves that were more air that also contained these depictions . However , castrate states of cognisance " could be achieved in these context of use via other agencies than hypoxia , " the authors wrote . What ’s more , the authors only simulated the effect that torches have on oxygen in the cave , but other parameters such as human internal respiration or raw chemical reactions that take place in cave can even further lessen O denseness , they spell .
The researchers now hope to analyse how many people could be together at the same clip in these caves with limited amounts of O and for how long .
The determination were published on March 31 inThe Journal of Archaeology , Consciousness and Culture .
Originally published on Live Science .
