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The mesmerizing honeycomb patterns regain in saltdesertssuch as Badwater Basin in California ’s Death Valley and Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia have gravel holidaymaker and inspired sci - fi movie - makers for decades . scientist , too , have struggled to elucidate the mechanism behind the iconic shapes .
Now , physicist think they ’ve last solved this natural puzzle .
The world’s largest salt desert is Salar de Uyuni, in Bolivia, which boasts the spectacular honeycomb pattern found on salt deserts across the world.
" The fantastic landscape painting demands an explanation,“Lucas Goehring , an associate professor of physics at Nottingham Trent University in England , say in astatement . " What we ’ve shown is that a bare , plausible explanation is there , but hidden beneath the terra firma . "
The response consist in the groundwater beneath the salt crust , according to a study put out Feb. 24 in the journalPhysical Review X. In the study , investigator describe how layers of salty and less piquant water supply propagate up and down in donut - shaped currents , which are stuff together horizontally to constitute the regular pattern .
Previously , scientists suggestedthat the crack and ridges form as the salt Earth’s crust expands and dry out out , bending and fragmenting under the strain .
Now , the researchers take down that premature attempts to sympathize the iconic landscape painting did n’t account for the uniform sizing of the hexagons , which are always 3 to 6 foot ( 1 to 2 meters ) across , wherever in the world they are chance .
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The Modern cogitation confirm the widely accept idea that the geometric patterns are formed by a chemical mechanism steady down in basicthermodynamics , exchangeable to the bowel movement of spicy and stale water in a radiator or in a mickle of boiling water . " The surface practice reflect the sluggish overturning of piquant water within the soil , a phenomenon pretty like the convection cell that organize in a thin layer of simmer body of water , " Goehring said .
salinity deserts are n’t as bone - prohibitionist as they seem . Beneath the salt incrustation sits a level of super salty water , which can be progress to by dig out with your hands . The water evaporates in the hotsummermonths , impart only a blanket of common salt , some of which dissolves into the next layer of piss . This layer is then more dense than the one below it , and the piquant water sinks in a ring that surrounds fresher , less dense water rising to replace it . The water evaporates and leaves a salt balance , which unthaw into the top water bed again . The cycle repeats itself to form what scientist call a convection scroll .
inquiry on salt deserts has focused either on these subsurface electric current or on the impertinence . The new study argues that the two features interact and mirror each other to form thetessellations . Where the dense , salty Earth’s surface water system sink , salt accumulates on the cheekiness to organize ridges . The table salt crust grows more rapidly around the edges of each hexagon because it is in contact with saltier urine than the middle .
Normally , a convection rolling would adopt a circular doughnut shape . Because there are so many of them tamp close together on a salt two-dimensional , however , the rolls are squeezed against each other to form hexagons , the research worker enounce .
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The author award a convincing account for the striking approach pattern , Stuart King , a researcher at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland who did not enter in the study , evidence Live Science in an electronic mail . " It is well known that hexagonal pattern uprise from convection and evaporation cognitive operation , [ but ] this newspaper unite that with the incisive convection of the poriferous bed underneath , which seems very plausible as a wider mechanics force back the whole salt shaping . "
The scientists say their work was driven purely by curiosity . " Nature presents us with an obvious and fascinating puzzle that stimulates our rarity and thereby prompts us to lick it — even without any verbatim further possible action of program in mind , " field first authorJana Lasser , a postdoctoral research worker at Graz University of Technology in Austria , said in the statement .
