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Scientists have created the existence ’s first work graphene - based semiconductor , which could pave the way for chip that power much faster PCs and quantum computers in the future .
The new semiconducting material , made from epitaxial graphene ( a particular watch crystal structure of carbon paper chemically tie to atomic number 14 carbide ) , allow for more mobility thansilicon , meaning electron move with less resistivity . Transistors made in this fashion can operate at THz frequency — 10 time faster than the atomic number 14 - base transistors used in chips used today — the researchers wrote in a study publish Jan. 3 in the journalNature .
semiconductor machine have properties of both music director and insulators . At the right temperature scope , electrons move through the semiconductor material — but only if a certain amount of energy is use .
Almost every chip apply a semiconductor made from atomic number 14 , but the material is make its demarcation , lead researcherWalt de Heer , a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology , told Live Science in an e-mail . These limits include the maximum speed at which transistor can " switch " between their on - off positions , the heat they generate through resistance and the smallest size of it the great unwashed can make them .
This means the rapid advancements we ’ve seen throughout thehistory of computingare beginning to slow .
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Graphene , meanwhile , is made from a undivided layer of carbon particle tightly bind in a hexagonal lattice , and is a expert music director than atomic number 14 , think negatron move with less resistance through the material .
Despite its favorable properties , graphene has never been rule in electronics because of the lack of a " set interruption " — a minimal amount of vigor needed to move electron when an electric field is applied to it . Band opening are what enable electronic transistor to swop on and off .
To function as a make for transistor , the graphene must be treated in some way , but in the past , this has damaged its property , de Heer enjoin .
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But the researcher worked around this challenge by fusing graphene onto silicon carbide using special furnace and a special heating and cooling process . By put atoms on the graphene that " donate " electrons to the organization , which is known as " dope " , they created a functional graphene semiconductor equipment with a band gap .
Not only is this the first graphene - base semiconductor to work , but it can also be integrated into existing manufacture procedure . The transition from making silicon wafer to the silicon carbide wafer used in epitaxial graphene is " quite feasible , " de Heer suppose .
Graphene - free-base semiconductors also have a potential future use in quantum computing , the researcher wrote in the study .
" Like light , electrons in graphene have quantum mechanical undulation - like properties that can be access in devices , particularly at very miserable temperatures , " de Heer said .
This is an area the scientists hope to explore in subsequent research , but de Heer say it remain to be seen whether graphene - based semiconductors can work well than the currentsuperconductingtechnology , which is used in the most innovative quantum information processing system .
